Thursday, December 26, 2019

Manhood in The Tragedy of Macbeth - 1133 Words

In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, he uses the theme of manhood to create motives for characters to act like a man. This is seen in many occurrences in Macbeth where characters try to act like men for certain reasons. Characters that apply this action are Macbeth, the first murderer, Macduff, and Young Siward. These actions are seen throughout the play, and play a key role in the development of the performance. Macbeth tells himself to act like a man in the following lines: â€Å"Prithee, peace! / I dare do all that may become a man; / Who dares do more is none† (I, vii, 45-47). This quote by Macbeth shows how he wants to be a man by killing King Duncan, but he does not think this would be an act of righteousness. Macbeth is in a controversy with†¦show more content†¦/Macbeth: Ay, and a bold one, that dare look on that / Which might appall the devil† (III, iv, 59-61). In these lines by Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, Macbeth says this to prove to Lady Macbeth he is a man. He also says this to prove to Lady Macbeth that he can be trusted to not reveal the secret of him plotting the death of Banquo to the other characters at the banquet. In the same scene Macbeth says to Banquo: â€Å"What man dare, I dare† (III, iv, 100). This line spoken by Macbeth shows how he is showing bravery toward the ghost of Banquo. Macbeth is emphasizing to Banquo that he is a man and Banquo can appear in any form to him and he will not be frightened or show signs of fear. This line spoken by Macbeth shows to the audience he is not going to appear scared because it is manlier to appear to be brave than scared. Another character who is told to act like a man is Macduff. When Macduff hears the news that his family has been murdered he starts to cry. Malcolm then tells him: â€Å"Dispute it like a man† (IV, iii, 219). Macduff responds by saying: â€Å"I shall do so; / But I must also feel it as a man† (IV, iii, 220-221). These lines spoken by Malcolm and Macduff show how manhood is seen differently between them. Macduff understands manhood as remaining strong, but it is not necessary to remain strong when certain occurrences come about. Malcolm’s view of manhood is to always remain strong and always do what is seen as the manly thing to do. In this scene Macduff stillShow MoreRelatedLady Macbeth940 Words   |  4 PagesLady Macbeth Shakespeare, who was a writer born in Stratford-upon-Avon created many different plays, in which he always portrayed the woman as the â€Å"bad guy.† He was born in 1564 and he was a writer, actor and a dramatist. He wrote many plays, mostly revolving around tragedy such as: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth. Shakespeare was a respected poet, and writer who received recognition after he passed away, April 23rd. 1616. One of Shakespeare’s well-known tragic plays ``Macbeth`` describes howRead MoreUnchecked Power in Shakespeares Macbeth and King Lear1458 Words   |  6 PagesIn many of the plays by William Shakespeare, the central character goes through internal and external changes that ultimately shake their foundations to the core. Numerous theories have been put forth to explain the sequence of tragedies Shakespeare wrote during this period by linking it to some experience of melancholy, anger, despair, and the antagonist s ultimate fall from grace in their lust fo r power. But such theories overlook the fact that it is in this very same period and in the same tragicRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare975 Words   |  4 PagesSince Macbeth believes that he must kill Duncan to achieve his goal of becoming king quickly, Macbeth subdues his feelings and thoughts to become more masculine. From the start, Macbeth recognizes his need to separate his mind from his actions, because his mind overpowers his will to act. Macbeth has the capacity to perform the deeds necessary to achieve his goal; obviously, from the first description of him in the play describing his prowess on the battlefield, he can kill Duncan. However, heRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis1102 Words   |  5 Pagesstrong, in the play Macbeth, there is a huge theme of manhood placed throughout. William Shakespeare is the creator of Macbeth and is a genius for placing the theme in this tragedy play. The main character, Macbeth, struggle to find his manhood. Banquo , Macbeth†™s best friend, is a true man, as well as a character with the name of Macduff. In acts one through four of Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, Banquo, as well as Macbeth and Macduff, will show or try to prove their manhood. Banquo is a very kindRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero623 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeares Macbeth as Tragic Hero      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares Macbeth follows the journey of nobleman Macbeth that starts with him as Thane of Glamis and ends with him as King of Scotland. Macbeth is a tragic hero because he possesses all the traits that Aristotle outlined in his poetics. He said that the tragic hero must be a man that is higher than mortal worth, but has tragic flaws. Aristotle also stated that the flaws will lead to great suffering and usually death; the cause being fateRead MoreManhood And Femininity In Macbeth Analysis1259 Words   |  6 PagesIn Macbeth, the conflict between manhood and femininity is very apparent. The differences between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are profound. Over the course of the play, Shakespeare skillfully changes the role of the two characters. Macbeth is frightened at the beginning and frightened at the end while Lady Macbeth is seeming confident and ends up frightened in the end. Lady Macbeth questions Macbeth’s manhood many time throughout the play, making t he conflict between their two personalities very apparentRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare Is A Well-Known And Recognized English1542 Words   |  7 Pagesin his successful work output. Shakespeare didn’t only revert to tragedies such as Macbeth, but combined fascinating plots, strong characters and beautifully constructed poetry in his plays. So inspiring that even to this day, Shakespeare and actively performed throughout the world, fulfilling Ben Jonson’s pre-diction that â€Å"He was not of an age, but for all time!† The poem and William Shakespeare are both relevant, apart from Macbeth being Shakespeare’s poem, in the fact that the place/setting ofRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth is Shakespeares shortest tragic play in which the main character, Macbeth, becomes the tragic hero. He begins as a noble lord only to finish as Devilish Macbeth. But who or what is responsible for the tragic downfall of Macbeth? I believe Macbeths is partly responsible for the tragic events that take place, including the murder of King Duncan, Banquo, Lady Macduff and her children. However, Macbeth was influenced by the supernatural witches and by the strict pressure of his wife, LadyRead MoreMan of Greed and Power: The Tragedy of Macbeth1089 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat power leads to the downfall of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. Contributing to the downfall and demise of Macbeth, three sinister witches plan to foil Macbeth through telling him prophecies of his fu ture. But, through the freewill of Lady Macbeth and Macbeth they paved their own road to destruction. Lady Macbeth is a woman who is not mentally strong enough to commit a murder but is mentally capable of persuading someone into committing the crime for her. Macbeth is gullible at first judgment, but soonRead MoreMacbeth English Ib-Hl Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesENGLISH HL SHAKESPEARE- MACBETH ESSAY It is human nature to be intrigued by all things mystical and dangerous. We fear the unknown but seek it nonetheless out of greed. Most of Shakespeare’s works hold an element of the supernatural and the play Macbeth is no exception. In this play we see a contemporary morality that warns of the dangers of trafficking with instruments of darkness; the witches in the play prophesize of Macbeths future as king, and Macbeth blinded by his hunger for power fails

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Police Brutality in America - 1972 Words

Police Brutality in America The Police Department was established to control order and promote good conduct for the civilians in their community. Since the beginning, the police department has been scrutinizing for taking the law into their own hand to restore order. In most cases the individuals affected by brutality is the minorities. Even though the people are happy with the police present in their community, one incident can change the way the community feels towards the Police. Consequently, the higher the crime rate in your community, the likely hood you will suffer from police brutality. Studies have shown that police brutality is and will be a part of your community. In some cases, the officer or officers will be acquitted of†¦show more content†¦(Gray, 4) To compare to the Rodney King beating, a New York 22 year old resident born in West Africa, was shot at 42 times by four New York City uncover police officers. Unfortunately, 19 of those bullets hit Amadou Diallo killing him. Diallo was ret urning home in the Bronx, from his job in Manhattan. From his doorway the four police officers open fire when Diallo went to get his wallet out of his back pocket. The officers believed he was pulling out a gun. All four officers, who were in plainclothes, said they approached Mr. Diallo because they thought he fit the description of a man wanted in a rape case. The officers faced prosecution on second-degree murder and other charges but were acquitted by a jury in Albany. The trial had been moved because of concerns over pretrial publicity. (Buckley, 5) Police brutality breaks a community into pieces and converts them stay within their ethnicity. Tearing a community apart not only affects the economics of that community, but adds to the crime that already exists. Police strategies and roles are intertwined with the economic development that surrounds a community. (HoSang, 6) Dave Harvey, an Urban Theorist states, â€Å"The expansion of global capitalism and the mobility of capita l has increased economic competition between different regions within the U.S. As cities and regions vie with one another to establish identities as safe, investment-friendly consumer centers, containment ofShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effects On America Essay1633 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality in America. The police work to keep everyone safe and keep order in society by enforcing laws, by investigating and preventing crimes. Recently it has become clear that things do not always work on that way. Sometimes police officers brutalize civilians and damage their possessions. The United States of America is one country where this phenomenon of police brutality is intensifying with no signs of slowing down. According to the statistics of The Washington Post, American policeRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On America Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years the rate of police brutality has increased in America. It has become one of the biggest headline in today’s news. Many African-Americans have become victims of police brutality. From young teenagers to mothers and daughters, even babies; whether the encounter was direct or indirect, all of which has encountered a form of police brutality. It’s not that the African-American community hates the police itâ€℠¢s their actions that we are upset and frustrated with. It’s their actions of beatingRead MoreThe Police Brutality Of The United States Of America1536 Words   |  7 PagesStates of America are murdered, beaten, and violated by officers of the law sworn to â€Å"protect and serve† them. Men like Roger Owensby Jr., Jeffrey Irons, and Timothy Thomas, were all found guilty and killed for the crime of being a black man in America. Police brutality against blacks. from the civil rights era of hoses, tear gas and dogs, to the iconic images of the Late-Rodney King being beaten by officers, Black America has a special and vital need to know the pathology behind police cruelty. TheRead MoreA Brief Note On Police Brutality And America1098 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Studebaker November 18, 2015 ENG 1113 CRN 12896 E4FD Police Brutality in America On April 12th, 2015, a young man named Freddie Gray, was arrested for allegedly having an illegal switchblade on his person. That same day, Gray entered a police van for transport, seemingly fine. Only to leave that same police van half an hour later, in a coma, with severe injuries to his spinal cord. Thirty minutes is all it took, for a seemingly healthy man, to end up in the back of an ambulance.Read MoreThe Problem Of Police Brutality1646 Words   |  7 Pages One of the biggest problems that plague America is police brutality. The job of the police is to protect the community they’re assigned to work in, from any illegal activity that occurs. However, there are officers who believe they are above the law. Police brutality has been a political oppression that has been occurring more many years. There’s been many cases of excessive force towards innocent civilians by an officer that has sparked a national outrage. Stephan Lendman of Media with ConscienceRead MorePolice brutality1678 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality, Have Times Really Changed The history of Police Brutality for minorities; especially people of color has left America wondering have times changed. Police brutality has deemed the opportunity for socioeconomic advancement or access to good and services for many Black/African Americans dating back as far as 1955. The system of Police brutality has affected many realms of society for minorities’ employment and family life. After some scholarly research, police brutality isRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of Michelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow902 Words   |  4 PagesPolice brutality, or the general brutality towards black people, is not a new issue in America. Over 700 unarmed African-Americans were murdered in 2015 alone. Michelle Alexander argues in â€Å"The New Jim Crow† that the criminal-justice system in America has purposely been used as a means for oppressing black people after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. In 1903, Hon. Frank Moss, a former police commissioner of New York City, published this paragraph: For three years, there has been throughRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The presence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forgetRead MorePolice Brutality Today s Media1626 Words   |  7 PagesPolice Brutality What do most people think of the topic of police brutality? More than once, images and stories of minorities civil rights being taken away become the topic of conversation. It is heart wrenching to see these videos and hear these stories of police brutality in today’s media. Every day there seems to be another headlining case on the topic of police brutality. Police brutality isn’t just law enforcement officers abusing the power granted to them; however, it is a much larger issueRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Boston Tea Party Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica was a rebel. America rebelled against British forces and made America their own. Freedom of speech was important and America was based on protests. The most famous protest was the Boston Tea Party. However, shortly after gaining independence from England, America started to use their own troops to stop rebellions. In 1792, which was only 5 years after the Bill of Rights was ratified, congress passed the Calling Forth Act. This law gave â€Å"the president the authority to unilaterally

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Effective Writing and Analyzing a Comparative Report

Question: Discuss about the Effective Writing and Analyzing a Comparative Report. Answer: Introduction Effective writing is the type of writing, which has logical flow of ideas and cohesion in the contents (Paxton 2007). This study will compare two discipline subjects namely Marketing Major and Music. The study will discuss the content, learning sources and methods of these two subjects. Apart from that, the study will also describe the career opportunities for both the subject and provide recommendation upon the subject. Preview Point Comparative study between marketing major and music can highlight different aspects of the twp subjects. Comparison of different elements and core content of these two subjects will illuminate also in its application areas. Marketing studies are the ideal points for the students towards seeking career in the field of marketing management, international marketing, organizational development and operational management. On the other hand, music is subject area with emphasizes on recognizing melody upon which music composition is based. Comparative Analysis According to Woodward-Kron (2004), marketing is the subject, which focuses on development and management of ongoing relationship with the customers, suppliers, partners, competitors and other stakeholders in an organization. The degree of marketing does not only relies on one subject area; rather it develops marketing skills and provides learning of psychology towards understanding the mind of consumers in an organization. Apart from that, the content of marketing subject mostly focuses on business and administrative studies. On the other hand, Coffin et al. (2003) opined that Music subject is the field of study, which is associated with learning music. Moreover, it touches the learning domains like cognitive domain, psychomotor domain, music appreciation and sensitivity. According to Bravo, Lucia-Palacios and Martin (2016), marketing can be learned from different reputed universities both as graduate and undergraduate course. Apart from having classes within the universities, the student can also learn the subject over the internet. Various reputed universities provide online opportunities to the students for learning marketing and having degree on this subject. On the other hand, Juncos and Markman (2016) opined that students can also learn about Music subject from different arts and music colleges and universities. The teaching and learning method for marketing major and music is completely different. Music is something related to arts and marketing major is something related to practical approach used in an organization. Music subject cannot be quantitative in method, whereas marketing major can be somewhat quantitative in approach. According to Coffin et al. (2003), student can get ample opportunities in marketing major towards getting appropriate jobs. Most of the students first get the opportunities in sales and assistant in general marketing. Apart from that, the graduates can also get opportunities in marketing research, public relation manager, consumer behavior consultant, advertising manager and many more. On the other hand, Woodward-Kron, R. (2004) opined that students can get enough career opportunities in the music field after pursuing music subject. Moreover, the students can start their career as music teacher, music tutor, music librarian and others. Later on, the students can also develop their career as musician, music composer, directors and many more. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that Marketing Major Subject and Music are two different types of discipline. Marketing Major is completely related to practical approach used in the organizations. On the other hand, Music is completely related to arts and needs to have tough of creativity in every aspect. Marketing major provide career opportunities in business industry, whereas music provides career opportunities in music industry. Recommendation The students having more power in dealing with public and challenges in life should pursue marketing major. On the other hand, students having passion for music and instruments should pursue music as their subject. Both the subject has enough opportunities in developing careers in life. However, Marketing major is much more effective to develop their careers as business industries are more in number as compared to music industry. References Bravo, R., Lucia-Palacios, L. and Martin, M.J., 2016. Processes and outcomes in student teamwork. An empirical study in a marketing subject.Studies in Higher Education,41(2), pp.302-320. Coffin et al. 2003. Writing for different disciplines. In: Coffin, Caroline; Curry, Mary Jane; Goodman, Sharon; Hewings, Ann; Lillis, Theresa and Swann, Joan eds. Teaching Academic Writing: A Toolkit for Higher Education. London, UK: Routledge, pp. 4572. Juncos, D.G. and Markman, E.J., 2016. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the treatment of music performance anxiety: A single subject design with a university student.Psychology of Music,44(5), pp.935-952. Paxton, M. 2007. Tensions between textbook pedagogy and the literacy practices of the disciplinary community: A study of writing in first year economics.Journal Of English For Academic Purposes,6(2), 109-125. Woodward-Kron, R. 2004. Discourse communities and writing apprenticeship: an investigation of these concepts in undergraduate Education students writing.Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 3(2), pp.139-161.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Philip Martin Essays - Jung Chang, Manchuria, Wild Swans

Philip Martin History 242 04/12/00 Wild Swans The title of this book is called Wild Swans. The author is Jung Chang. This book was published November 1992. This book was published in Bantam Doubleday Dell publishing Group in New York and has 500 plus pages. Jung Chang was born in Yibin, Sichunan Province, China, in 1952. Jung Chang was a Red Guard until she was fourteen years old. Later she worked as a peasant. Jung Chang was also a "Barefoot Doctor". Those were the people who tried to help people with the minimum training that they had. Jung Chang was also a steelworker, and an electrician. Later Jung Chang became an English-language student and, later, an assistant lecturer at Sichunan University. In 1978 Jung Chang left for Britain where she was awarded a scholarship from York University. Seven years later in 1982 Jung Chan became the first person from the People's Republic of China to receive a Ph.D. in Linguistics from a British university. Jung Chang now lives London where she teaches at a school of Oriental and African Studies, at London University. The story Wild Swan it takes place in China and it covers 108 years from 1870 to 1978. The book also covers two of the most historical events that happened in China. Those events are (1). The Manchu Empire falls, (2). It talks about the communist party and how it came to power after the civil war in 1949. After the civil war was over the communist party took over the Manchu's place as rulers of China. Mao was the leader of the communist party. During the Manchu period, if a crime was committed and you were innocent it would not matter because you were automatically guilty of the crime. During the Manchu period, the women were treated like they were slaves and the husband did not look at them as a person. The women's roles were to be housewives and have their husband's kids China always believed in what Confucius was trying to teach and also what he believed in. Confucian philosophies are based on his ideas of education and meritocracy. During this period, the caste system was widely used in this area of the world. The caste system was a system where people were born in to their level of society. Confucius believed that through education and meritocracy, the way a person behaved, that a person should be able to earn his rank in society. Confucius also believed that if the home-life had positive values, then there would be a harmony in society. He believed that since children received their values from their parents, how they conducted themselves in society reflected their Home-life. If their homes were stable, then there would be a balance in society. As I was reading this book I thought, how sad and hard these people lived back then. With the Manchus in charge, it's like the people had very harsh and limited lives. The person I felt sorry for was Jung Chang's grandmother because she lived through the Manchu period and, during that period the women were treated like the only thing in life was to obey her husbands commands and have his kids. I am glad that I live in a place where there is freedom and where we don't have to be scared everyday wondering if we are going to make it through another day.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Early American History Up To 1865

Early American History Up To 1865 Free Online Research Papers In the early 1600’s John Smith led an expedition to the new world accompanied by gentlemen from his homeland in order to establish a new settlement called Jamestown. They came ill prepared and did not have very many tools to guarantee their success, so when they first arrived their task at hand proved to be very difficult. Aside from not having the necessary means for survival, the new settlers we constantly under attack or at constant odds with the Indians who inhabited the land when they arrived. The Algonquian Indians were headed by a fierce leader who was feared by his followers as well as some of the new immigrants to the country; his name was Powhatan. Chief Powhatan was the type of chief that could make his subordinates tremble with just one look of disapproval. He was a fierce warrior and for decades, helped the Indians maintain sovereignty over their land. His successor and half brother Opechancanough took over the task of being the leader of the Algonquian people in the event on Chief Powhatan’s untimely death. He was also a great warrior and was actually responsible for taking John Smith captive in 1608 and bringing him before the chief for judgment. This is when it is said in history that the chief’s daughter Pocahontas intervened on his behalf. Her marriage to John Rolfe brought a period of peace to Jamestown which ended abruptly when chief Powhatan died in 1618. After the Indian Massacre in 1622, Chief Opechancanough gave up on peace with the settlers and instead resorted to force to regain their power in the land. They lost the fight ultimately and the chief was shot in the back by a solider who was guardin g him. Before Chief Opechancanough was killed, however, there was another significant war going on with other Indian settlements. In 1637, an armed conflict between Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies allied with various Indian tribes against the Pequot Indians took place and was called the Pequot War. The Pequot sought to aggressively extend their land and trade control through the Connecticut river valley while other colonies were interested in the same things. The conflict ended with the Pequot people being almost comepletely exterminated. The Virginia colony was not totally free from uprisings after the Indian conflicts. In 1676 there was another unrest that is called Bacon’s Rebellion. It was led by colonist Nathan Bacon and was originated because of the taxes being imposed on citizens for the building of forts. Nathan Bacon was arrested for the disturbance but was released after his followers forced his freedom at gunpoint. Further along in history, an African American inventor named Eli Whitney revolutionized the cotton industry in the South and actually helped the North win the Civil war. He invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts and opened the door for a wave of technology that would change how the world operated. He was forced into litigation over his patents for his inventions, however, and in turn spent a lot of his profits from the inventions on court and lawyer fees. Stephen F. Austin also a very important figure in the colonization of America especially in the South. He started off running the family business which was a store in their home town but eventually was appointed judge in Arkansas. He began a colony after his father’s death in 1821 in present Fort Bend County and was known for bringing the first settlers to Texas known as the â€Å"first 300†. Our state capitol is named for him. Before we had the constitution as we know it today, there existed another document that governed us. It was called the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. It provided for orderly settlement of the western United States, made new states in the union equal to the old ones, and provided that Congress agreed that everyone had full citizenship and access to all rights. It is also sometimes known as the â€Å"old constitution† . Quock Walker was a slave who helped the state of Massachusetts take part in the first case that actually based the legality of slavery on the 1780 constitution. He sued his slave owner for assault and battery under the grounds that he was a freedman. He won fifty pounds from his case and was able to keep his freedom. Research Papers on Early American History Up To 1865Where Wild and West MeetNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2PETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Biography of Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador

Biography of Eloy Alfaro, President of Ecuador Eloy Alfaro Delgado was President of the Republic of Ecuador from 1895 to 1901 and again from 1906 to 1911. Although widely reviled by conservatives at the time, today he is considered by Ecuadorians to be one of their greatest presidents. He accomplished many things during his administrations, most notably the construction of a railroad linking Quito and Guayaquil. Early Life and Politics Eloy Alfaro (June 25, 1842 - January 28, 1912) was born in Montecristi, a small town near the coast of Ecuador. His father was a Spanish businessman and his mother was a native of the Ecuadorian region of Manabà ­. He received a good education and helped his father with his business, occasionally traveling through Central America. From an early age, he was an outspoken liberal, which put him at odds with staunch conservative Catholic President Gabriel Garcà ­a Moreno, who first came to power in 1860. Alfaro participated in a rebellion against Garcà ­a Moreno and went into exile in Panama when it failed. Liberals and Conservatives in the Age of Eloy Alfaro During the Republican era, Ecuador was only one of several Latin American countries torn apart by conflicts between liberals and conservatives, terms which had different meaning back then. In Alfaros era, conservatives like Garcà ­a Moreno favored a strong connection between church and state: the Catholic Church was in charge of weddings, education and other civil duties. Conservatives also favored limited rights, such as only certain people having the right to vote. Liberals like Eloy Alfaro were just the opposite: they wanted universal voting rights and a clear separation of church and state. Liberals also favored freedom of religion. These differences were taken very seriously at the time: the conflict between liberals and conservatives often led to bloody civil wars, such as the 1000 days war in Colombia. Alfaro and the Liberal Struggle In Panama, Alfaro married Ana Paredes Arosemena, a rich heiress: he would use this money to fund his revolution. In 1876, Garcà ­a Moreno was assassinated and Alfaro saw an opportunity: he returned to Ecuador and began a revolt against Ignacio de Veintimilla: he was soon exiled once again. Although Veintimilla was considered a liberal, Alfaro did not trust him and didn’t think his reforms were sufficient. Alfaro returned to take up the fight again in 1883 and was again defeated. The 1895 Liberal Revolution Alfaro did not give up, and in fact, by then, he was known as â€Å"el Viejo Luchador:† â€Å"The Old Fighter.† In 1895 he led what is known as the Liberal Revolution in Ecuador. Alfaro amassed a small army on the coast and marched on the capital: on June 5, 1895, Alfaro deposed President Vicente Lucio Salazar and took control of the nation as dictator. Alfaro swiftly convened a constitutional Assembly which made him President, legitimizing his coup. The Guayaquil - Quito Railroad Alfaro believed that his nation would not prosper until it modernized. His dream was of a railroad which would connect Ecuador’s two main cities: the Capital of Quito in the Andean highlands and the prosperous port of Guayaquil. These cities, although not far apart as the crow flies, were at the time connected by winding trails that took travelers days to navigate. A railroad linking the cities would be a great boost to the nation’s industry and economy. The cities are separated by steep mountains, snowy volcanoes, swift rivers, and deep ravines: building a railroad would be a herculean task. They did it, however, completing the railroad in 1908. Alfaro in and out of Power Eloy Alfaro stepped down briefly from the presidency in 1901 to allow his successor, General Leonidas Plaza, to rule for a term. Alfaro apparently didn’t like Plaza’s successor, Lizardo Garcà ­a, because he once again staged an armed coup, this time to overthrow Garcà ­a in 1905, in spite of the fact that Garcà ­a was also a liberal with ideals nearly identical to those of Alfaro himself. This aggravated liberals (conservatives already hated him) and made it difficult to rule. Alfaro thus had trouble getting his chosen successor, Emilio Estrada, elected in 1910. Death of Eloy Alfaro Alfaro rigged the 1910 elections to get Estrada elected but decided he would never keep hold of power, so he told him to resign. Meanwhile, military leaders overthrew Alfaro, ironically putting Estrada back in power. When Estrada died shortly thereafter, Carlos Freile took over the Presidency. Alfaro’s supporters and generals rebelled and Alfaro was called back from Panama to â€Å"mediate the crisis.† The government sent two generals- one of them, ironically, was Leonidas Plaza- to put down the rebellion and Alfaro was arrested. On January 28, 1912, an angry mob broke into the jail in Quito and shot Alfaro before dragging his body through the streets. Legacy of Eloy Alfaro In spite of his inglorious end at the hands of the people of Quito, Eloy Alfaro is remembered fondly by Ecuadorians as one of their better presidents. His face is on the 50-cent piece and important streets are named for him in nearly every major city. Alfaro was a true believer in the tenets of turn-of-the-century liberalism: the separation between church and state, freedom of religion, progress through industrialization, and more rights for workers and native Ecuadorians. His reforms did much to modernize the country: Ecuador was secularized during his tenure and the state took over education, marriages, deaths, etc. This led to a rise in nationalism as the people began to see themselves as Ecuadorians first and Catholics second. Alfaros most enduring legacy- and the one that most Ecuadorians today associate him with- is the railroad that linked the highlands and the coast. The railroad was a great boon to commerce and industry in the early twentieth century. Although the railroad has fallen into disrepair, parts of it are still intact and today tourists can ride trains through the scenic Ecuadorian Andes. Alfaro also granted rights to the poor and native Ecuadorians. He abolished debt passing from one generation to another and put an end to debtors prisons. Natives, who had traditionally been semi-enslaved in the highland haciendas, were freed, although this had more to do with freeing up the workforce to go where labor was needed and less to do with basic human rights. Alfaro had many weaknesses as well. He was an old-school dictator while in office and firmly believed at all times that only he knew what was right for the nation. His military removal of Lizardo Garcà ­a- who was ideologically indistinguishable from Alfaro- was all about who was in charge, not what was being accomplished, and it turned off many of his supporters. The factionalism among liberal leaders survived Alfaro and continued to plague subsequent presidents, who had to fight Alfaros ideological heirs at every turn. Alfaros time in office was marked by traditional Latin American ills such as political repression, electoral fraud, dictatorship, coup dà ©tats, rewritten constitutions, and regional favoritism. His tendency to take to the field backed by armed supporters every time he suffered a political setback also set a bad precedent for future Ecuadorian politics. His administration also came up short in areas such as voter rights and long-term industrialization. Sources Various Authors. Historia del Ecuador. Barcelona: Lexus Editores, S.A. 2010

Thursday, November 21, 2019

A Model for the Allocation of Value in Western and Eastern Art Markets Dissertation

A Model for the Allocation of Value in Western and Eastern Art Markets - Dissertation Example In contrast, Western art generally refers to the European style of artwork, and is less culturally diverse than Eastern artwork and draws less on myth. A significant portion of European art, particularly older art, is connected to the Christian religion, with depictions of Jesus, Mary and of angels. Modern Western artwork is often more abstract. The development of prices for artworks by artists in China can be tracked effectively and accurately using the research methodology proposed for both indigenous Chinese artists represented in local markets and also for global or Western artists imported to collections. This allows the determination of how traditional Eastern artwork fares in the Eastern art market compared to how Western artwork performs in the same market. The economical and sociological systems which drive the operation of the contemporary art market in China can be reviewed on a percentage of GDP or on a per capita basis in respect to the Western markets, allowing direct c omparison between the two. This allows it to be determined whether one form of art is traded more frequently or valued more highly in the Eastern market compared to the Western, indicating differences between the markets. 9 The Assignment of Value 13 For any commodity or service, value must be assigned to it in order for it to be bought and sold in the general market. It is not simple to assign value to art, as its worth comes from a wide variety of sources, and is not always predictable. The question of value is fundamental for art as a discipline and as an object. Art is created not simply because of the desire of the artist to create, but also as a method of communication, or through a desire to earn an income. As a consequence, the meaning of the work is important and... This dissertation outlines art as a large part of culture and tradition worldwide, but the definitions and approaches to art can vary significantly depending on the artist as well as the culture that they derive their inspiration from. In particular, artistic inspiration and art form can be divided into two broad categories, Eastern and Western art. These definitions are based on global location of the style and inspiration for the artist, although the artist themselves may not be from this global area. Western art can be defined as art that is created in the styles that are generally accepted in European countries, although it may be created anywhere in the world. Traditionally, Western art consisted primarily of paintings and sculptures, often of religious icons, although there was the development of other artistic styles such as impressionist and abstract art during the history of Western art. Current Western art also includes styles such as modern art, which is often very abstrac t, and performance art. In contrast, Eastern art is often more traditional and takes greater inspiration from local religion, practices, history, myth and legend. When interpreting art from Eastern cultures, it is important not to do so through the lens of Western art history and values, as this presents a risk of cultural imperialism or bias. The consequence of this may be the marginalization of traditional artistic expression, such as art through handicrafts, folk art, or kitsch, which are often not regarded as art from the traditional Western viewpoint.